Articles Four through Seven,

the Commerce Clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause

Article IV: Interstate and Federal Relations

§1. Full Faith and Credit Cl.

§2. Cl.1 Privileges and Immunities Clause

Cl.2 Interstate Extradition Cl.

Cl.3 Fugitive Slave Clause ; superseded by amendment

§3. Cl.1 Admission of New States

Cl.2 Power to regulate territories and property of the United States

§4. Federal guarantee of republican form of government, protection from invasion and from domestic violence

Article Five: Amending the Constitution

Two methods: (1) begin with proposed amendments approved by two-thirds of each House (voting separately) and then approved by three-fourths of the state legislatures, or (2) two-thirds of the state legislatures apply for a constitutional convention, the result of which must be approved by three-fourths of the states.

Constitutional conventional limitation?

Article Six: National Debt, Supremacy Clause, and Oath of Office

Obligations of the Confederation assumed by new federal government; Constitution and federal laws and treaties superior to state laws; federal and state legislators and officers must take oath to protect the Constitution

Article Seven: Ratification of Constitution

Compare three-fourths rule to unanimity rule of the Articles of Confederation.

Elliott’s Debates, Library of Congress

Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cr.) 137, 153-180 (1803). Edited version. Judicial Review

McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 316 (1819). Edited Version. Implied Powers Doctrine

Gibbons v. Ogden, 22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 1, 186-211 (1824). Edited Version. Federal regulation of Commerce.

Willson v. Black-Bird Creek Marsh Co., 27 U.S. 245, 250-252 (1829). Edited Version. Regulation of Commerce: Exclusivity.

Cooley v. Board of Wardens, 53 U.S. (12 How.) 299, 13 L.Ed. 996 (1851). Edited Version. Negative Commerce Clause

Daniel Ball, 77 U.S. 557, 558-559 , 562-566 (1871). Edited Version. Federal Regulation of Commerce.

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, 379 U.S. 241, 85 S.Ct. 348, 13 L.Ed.2d 258 (1964)(excerpt). 1964 Civil Rights Act and the Commerce Clause.

National Federation of Independent Business et al v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519, 183 L. Ed. 2d 450, 132 S.Ct. 2566 (2012), excerpts. Limits on implied powers.